INTERNAL BLEEDING

Internal bleeding is often difficult for the first aider to recognise. This type of bleeding can

occur without an obvious wound and can be very serious as it is difficult to stop without surgical intervention.

Internal bleeding occurs when blood vessels within the body are ruptured and blood escapes

out of the circulatory system. It may follow such incidents as a blow to the head, chest, or

abdomen due to a fall or being struck by a vehicle. Internal bleeding should be suspected when blood is seen in vomit, urine, sputum or faeces.

Symptoms and signs – Not all may be present

• rapid and ‘gasping’ breaths
• increasing thirst
• frothy red blood coughed up from the lungs, blood-stained vomit like ‘coffee grounds’, red or rust-coloured urine, or dark faeces like tar
• pale, cold, sweaty skin
• How you can help

Place the patient at total rest

• Assist the patient into the position of greatest comfort.
• Cover the patient with a blanket to maintain body heat.
• Place protective fabric underneath the patient if the surface is rough, cold or hot – e.g. a coat if the patient is lying on a road.

Call for an ambulance.

While waiting for the ambulance

• Manage any other injuries.
• Ensure that all restrictive clothing has been loosened, especially at the neck and waist.
• Keep any bystanders clear.
• Reassure the patient.
• DO NOT allow the patient to eat, drink or smoke.

REF: St Johns Ambulance - www.stjohn.org.nz